The Role of Runoff Attenuation Features (RAFs) in Natural Flood Management

Natural Flood Management (NFM) and catchment-based solutions for flood risk management environmental problems are wide-ranging complex. of fluvial in the UK is undergoing a fundamental shift, with change emphasis from solely working structural defences to considering measures which attenuate runoff. At heart this NFM nature-based solutions. One key type intervention Runoff Attenuation Feature (RAF): class features that targets runoff flow pathways creates new temporary storage (such as ponds leaky barriers). However, there currently lack evidence effectiveness RAFs at larger catchment scales managing extreme events. Nevertheless, strong base suggest well-designed deliver range ecosystem services if installed correct location. This paper reviews critiques role an interventionist holistic approach lowering rates. The link between RAF design types their relationship land use scale made. Recent novel innovations attempts up discussed. antecedent conditions, groundwater residence time processes highlighted. uncertainty complexity proving underpin view thinking needed. New research required, many questions raised about NFM. direction travel positive proactive community can now embrace problem. Proof address not likely be resolved without great deal further but confidence do beneficial work growing argument greater amounts attenuation